周构建互动游戏
第 2 周：构建互动游戏
第三课：游戏物理与运动
3.1 理解游戏物理
游戏物理涉及模拟现实世界的物理，使游戏更加真实和引人入胜。速度、加速度和重力等基本物理原理可以使游戏中的动作和交互感觉自然。
3.1.1 速度和加速度
- 速度是物体位置的变化率。
- 加速度是速度的变化率。
示例：基本速度运动
import pygame # initialize pygame pygame.init() # screen setup screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption("basic movement with velocity") # colors white = (255, 255, 255) black = (0, 0, 0) # player setup player = pygame.rect(375, 275, 50, 50) velocity = pygame.vector2(0, 0) # main game loop running = true while running: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.quit: running = false # keyboard input for movement keys = pygame.key.get_pressed() if keys[pygame.k_left]: velocity.x = -5 elif keys[pygame.k_right]: velocity.x = 5 else: velocity.x = 0 if keys[pygame.k_up]: velocity.y = -5 elif keys[pygame.k_down]: velocity.y = 5 else: velocity.y = 0 # update player position player.move_ip(velocity) # clear screen screen.fill(white) # draw player pygame.draw.rect(screen, black, player) # update display pygame.display.flip() pygame.quit()
3.1.2 重力模拟
重力通过向下拉物体来模拟地球上的重力效果，从而为游戏增添真实感。
示例：为下落物体添加重力
import pygame # initialize pygame pygame.init() # screen setup screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption("gravity simulation") # colors white = (255, 255, 255) black = (0, 0, 0) # object setup object = pygame.rect(375, 50, 50, 50) gravity = 0.5 velocity_y = 0 # main game loop running = true while running: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.quit: running = false # apply gravity velocity_y += gravity object.y += velocity_y # reset object position if it falls off-screen if object.y > 600: object.y = 50 velocity_y = 0 # clear screen screen.fill(white) # draw object pygame.draw.rect(screen, black, object) # update display pygame.display.flip() pygame.quit()
3.2 弹跳和反射物体
要创建动态游戏，通常需要模拟弹跳物体，例如从墙壁反弹的球。
示例：弹跳球模拟
import pygame # initialize pygame pygame.init() # screen setup screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption("bouncing ball") # colors white = (255, 255, 255) black = (0, 0, 0) # ball setup ball = pygame.rect(375, 275, 50, 50) velocity = pygame.vector2(4, 4) # main game loop running = true while running: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.quit: running = false # move ball ball.move_ip(velocity) # bounce off walls if ball.left = 800: velocity.x = -velocity.x if ball.top = 600: velocity.y = -velocity.y # clear screen screen.fill(white) # draw ball pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, black, ball) # update display pygame.display.flip() pygame.quit()
3.3 迷你项目：弹跳球游戏
目标： 创建一个游戏，让球在屏幕上弹跳，撞到墙壁时改变方向。
3.3.1 代码示例
import pygame # initialize pygame pygame.init() # screen setup screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption("bouncing ball game") # colors white = (255, 255, 255) black = (0, 0, 0) # ball setup ball = pygame.rect(375, 275, 50, 50) velocity = pygame.vector2(3, 3) # main game loop running = true while running: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.quit: running = false # move ball ball.move_ip(velocity) # bounce off walls if ball.left = 800: velocity.x = -velocity.x if ball.top = 600: velocity.y = -velocity.y # clear screen screen.fill(white) # draw ball pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, black, ball) # update display pygame.display.flip() pygame.quit()
3.4 练习
-
添加障碍：
- 引入球可以弹开的固定障碍物。
-
更改球颜色：
- 让球每次从墙上弹起时都会改变颜色。
第 4 课：使用声音和音乐
4.1 添加音效和音乐
音效和音乐对于创造身临其境的游戏体验至关重要。 pygame 允许您轻松地为游戏添加声音。
4.1.1 加载和播放声音
- 要在 pygame 中使用声音，您必须首先加载声音文件，然后播放它。
示例：添加声音效果
import pygame # initialize pygame and mixer pygame.init() pygame.mixer.init() # load sound effect bounce_sound = pygame.mixer.sound("bounce.wav") # screen setup screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption("sound effects") # colors white = (255, 255, 255) black = (0, 0, 0) # ball setup ball = pygame.rect(375, 275, 50, 50) velocity = pygame.vector2(3, 3) # main game loop running = true while running: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.quit: running = false # move ball ball.move_ip(velocity) # bounce off walls and play sound if ball.left = 800: velocity.x = -velocity.x bounce_sound.play() # play sound on bounce if ball.top = 600: velocity.y = -velocity.y bounce_sound.play() # clear screen screen.fill(white) # draw ball pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, black, ball) # update display pygame.display.flip() pygame.quit()
4.1.2 背景音乐
- 您还可以添加在游戏过程中持续播放的背景音乐。
示例：添加背景音乐
import pygame # initialize pygame and mixer pygame.init() pygame.mixer.init() # load and play background music pygame.mixer.music.load("background_music.mp3") pygame.mixer.music.play(-1) # loop indefinitely # screen setup screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption("background music") # colors white = (255, 255, 255) black = (0, 0, 0) # main game loop running = true while running: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.quit: running = false # clear screen screen.fill(white) # update display pygame.display.flip() pygame.quit()
4.2 根据事件触发声音
音效可以根据特定的游戏事件触发，例如碰撞或玩家动作。
示例：声音记忆游戏
python import pygame import random # Initialize Pygame and Mixer pygame.init() pygame.mixer.init() # Load sounds sounds = [pygame.mixer.Sound(f"sound{i}.wav") for i in range(4)] # Screen setup screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption("Sound Memory Game") # Colors white = (255, 255, 255) black = (0, 0, 0) # Generate random sequence of sounds sequence = [random.choice(sounds) for _ in range(5)] current_step = 0 # Main game loop running = True while running:
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