使用 React Hook Form + Zod 构建表单
介绍
当我开始编程时,我需要用纯 javascript 编写大量代码来从表单收集数据。从那时起,web 开发已经发展得如此之快,以至于今天我们有了抽象了大部分工作的库,从而促进了表单数据的管理。
在本文中,我将向您展示如何使用 react hook form 来处理表单数据,并使用 zod 以高效且有组织的方式验证这些数据。
我很着急,请给我完整的代码
它在你手里:
import { label } from '@/components/ui/label'; import { input } from '@/components/ui/input'; import { button } from '@/components/ui/button'; import { gamepad, gamepad2 } from 'lucide-react'; import { useform } from 'react-hook-form'; import { z } from 'zod'; import { zodresolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod'; import { toast, toaster } from 'sonner'; const signupform = z .object({ name: z .string() .min(2, { message: 'nome deve ter ao menos 2 caracteres' }) .max(50, { message: 'nome deve ter no máximo 50 caracteres' }), email: z.string().email().max(100, { message: 'e-mail deve ter no máximo 100 caracteres' }), password: z.string().max(100, { message: 'senha deve ter no máximo 100 caracteres' }), confirm: z.string(), }) .refine((data) => data.password === data.confirm, { message: 'senhas não conferem!', path: ['confirm'], }); type signupform = z.infer<typeof signupform>; export function app() { const { handlesubmit, register, reset, formstate: { issubmitting, errors }, } = useform<signupform>({ resolver: zodresolver(signupform), }); async function handlesignup(data: signupform) { console.log(data); await new promise((resolve) => { settimeout(resolve, 2000); }); reset(); toast.success('conta criada com sucesso!'); } return ( <> <toaster richcolors /> <div classname="min-h-screen lg:grid lg:grid-cols-2 antialiased gap-8"> <div classname="hidden lg:flex h-full justify-center border-r border-foreground/5 bg-foreground text-muted-foreground items-center gap-3 text-lg"> <gamepad2 /> <span classname="font-semibold">gamers.shop</span> </div> <div classname="flex flex-col items-center justify-center gap-6 min-h-screen"> <div classname="px-10 w-96 h-full flex flex-col justify-center items-center lg:w-[500px]"> <h1 classname="flex items-center gap-2 mb-4 text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight"> <gamepad /> crie sua conta <gamepad /> </h1> <form onsubmit={handlesubmit(handlesignup)} classname="space-y-4 w-full "> <div classname="space-y-2"> <label htmlfor="name">nome</label> <input id="name" type="text" {...register('name')} /> {errors.name && <span classname="text-sm text-red-500">{errors.name.message}</span>} {} </div> <div classname="space-y-2"> <label htmlfor="email">email</label> <input id="email" type="email" {...register('email')} /> {errors.email && <span classname="text-sm text-red-500">{errors.email.message}</span>} </div> <div classname="space-y-2"> <label htmlfor="password">senha</label> <input id="password" type="password" {...register('password')} /> {errors.password && <span classname="text-sm text-red-500">{errors.password.message}</span>} </div> <div classname="space-y-2"> <label htmlfor="confirm">confirme a senha</label> <input id="confirm" type="password" {...register('confirm')} /> {errors.confirm && <span classname="text-sm text-red-500">{errors.confirm.message}</span>} </div> <button classname="w-full" type="submit" disabled={issubmitting}> criar conta </button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </> ); }
教程
构建表格
首先,我创建了一个包含四个字段的表单:姓名、电子邮件、密码和密码确认。为了方便接口的开发,我使用了shadcn、tailwind和lucide-react。使用 css 类可能看起来有点冗长,但它们有助于保持一致的设计。
<form classname="space-y-4 w-full "> <div classname="space-y-2"> <label htmlfor="name">nome</label> <input id="name" type="text" placeholder="digite o seu nome"/> </div> <div classname="space-y-2"> <label htmlfor="email">email</label> <input id="email" type="email" placeholder="digite o seu e-mail"/> </div> <div classname="space-y-2"> <label htmlfor="password">senha</label> <input id="password" type="password" placeholder="digite uma senha"/> </div> <div classname="space-y-2"> <label htmlfor="confirm">confirme a senha</label> <input id="confirm" type="password" placeholder="digite a senha novamente"/> </div> <button classname="w-full" type="submit"> criar conta </button> </form>
我在此表单中创建了 4 个字段:姓名、电子邮件、密码和确认。我需要以某种方式验证它们。由于此示例用于解释 zod 的使用,因此我避免使用本机 html 属性(必需、最大长度等)。
使用 zod 进行数据验证
为了确保在字段中输入的数据正确,我使用 zod 创建了一个验证模式。该架构定义了每个字段的限制并自定义错误消息:
import { z } from 'zod'; const signupformschema = z .object({ name: z .string() .min(2, { message: 'nome deve ter ao menos 2 caracteres' }) .max(50, { message: 'nome deve ter no máximo 50 caracteres' }), email: z.string().email().max(100, { message: 'e-mail deve ter no máximo 100 caracteres' }), password: z.string().max(100, { message: 'senha deve ter no máximo 100 caracteres' }), confirm: z.string(), }) .refine((data) => data.password === data.confirm, { message: 'senhas não conferem!', path: ['confirm'], });
此架构定义了每个字段所需的类型和验证。使用 .refine() 方法来确保“密码”和“确认”字段中输入的密码相同。
.refine((data) => data.password === data.confirm, { message: 'senhas não conferem!', path: ['confirm'], });
与 react hook form 和 zod resolver 集成
react hook form 是一个表单库,它通过减少不必要的重新渲染和简化数据操作来提高性能。我使用 useform() 来配置表单,通过 zodresolver 传递验证架构:
import { zodresolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod'; import { useform } from 'react-hook-form'; type signupform = z.infer<typeof signupformschema>; const { handlesubmit, register, reset, formstate: { issubmitting, errors }, } = useform<signupform>({ resolver: zodresolver(signupformschema), });
我在 useform() 中使用的函数和变量是:
- handlesubmit:处理表单提交。
- register:将表单字段绑定到react hook form数据管理。
- 重置:重置表单。
- issubmitting:表示表单是否正在提交。
- 错误:存储每个字段的验证错误。 ### 表单提交功能 为了模拟表单提交,我创建了handlesignup函数,它添加了一个等待时间来查看issubmitting状态并用toast显示成功消息:
async function handlesignup(data: signupform) { console.log(data); await new promise((resolve) => { settimeout(resolve, 2000); }); reset(); toast.success('conta criada com sucesso!'); }
然后我将函数添加到表单中:
<form onsubmit={handlesubmit(handlesignup)} classname="space-y-4 w-full">
最后,我使用寄存器来命名哪个字段属于哪个属性,并显示错误(如果存在):
<div className="space-y-2"> <Label htmlFor="name">Nome</Label> <Input id="name" type="text" {...register('name')} placeholder="Digite o seu nome" /> {errors.name && <span className="text-sm text-red-500">{errors.name.message}</span>} </div>
结果如下所示:
最后的考虑因素
在本文中,我展示了一种集成 react hook form 和 zod 来验证不受控制的表单的简单方法。该库还可以使用受控组件,因此请查阅文档以探索更多选项。
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