介绍Linux环境下PHP7.0安装
PHP7和HHVM比较
PHP7的在真实场景的性能确实已经和HHVM相当, 在一些场景甚至超过了HHVM。HHVM的运维复杂, 是多线程模型, 这就代表着如果一个线程导致crash了, 那么整个服务就挂了, 并且它不会自动重启。另外它采用JIT, 那么意味着, 重启以后要预热, 没有预热的情况下, 性能较为糟糕。并且多线程模型调试困难, 这对于追求稳定来说的Web服务来说, 是非常不适合的。
Nginx以及PHP7.0之前的版本可以参考此文：Linux环境Nginx安装与调试以及PHP安装
PHP7.0正式版已经在2015年11月份左右发布，目前是PHP7.0.2版本，本人最早是从2015年8月php7的第一个测试版跟起，现在正式版发布。
linux版本：64位CentOS 6.6
Nginx版本：nginx1.8.0
php版本：php-7.0.2
推荐（免费）：PHP7
下载
wget http://php.net/get/php-7.0.2.tar.gz/from/a/mirror
建议安装之前先看看安装帮助文件INSTALL
解压安装
tar zxvf php-7.0.2.tar.gz
cd php-7.0.2
首先查看安装帮助
./configure --help
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \
–with-curl
–with-freetype-dir
–with-gd
–with-gettext
–with-iconv-dir
–with-kerberos
–with-libdir=lib64
–with-libxml-dir
–with-mysqli
–with-openssl
–with-pcre-regex
–with-pdo-mysql
–with-pdo-sqlite
–with-pear
–with-png-dir
–with-xmlrpc
–with-xsl
–with-zlib
–enable-fpm
–enable-bcmath
–enable-libxml
–enable-inline-optimization
–enable-gd-native-ttf
–enable-mbregex
–enable-mbstring
–enable-opcache
–enable-pcntl
–enable-shmop
–enable-soap
–enable-sockets
–enable-sysvsem
–enable-xml
–enable-zip
如果配置错误，需要安装需要的模块，直接yum一并安装依赖库
yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel mysql pcre-devel
注意：安装php7beta3的时候有几处配置不过去，需要yum一下，现在php-7.0.2已经不用这样了。
yum -y install curl-devel
yum -y install libxslt-devel
编译安装
make && make install
配置文件
cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
cp -R ./sapi/fpm/php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
需要注意的是php7中www.conf这个配置文件配置phpfpm的端口号等信息，如果你修改默认的9000端口号需在这里改，再改nginx的配置
启动
/etc/init.d/php-fpm
查看phpinfo()
php7和php5性能分析比较
生成一个 60 万元素的数组，通过查找key 的方式，来确定key是否存在。
PHP 5.4.44 版
[root@localhost www5.4.44]# time /usr/local/php5.4.44/bin/php search_by_key.php
real 0m0.351s
user 0m0.300s
sys 0m0.050s
PHP 5.5.28 版
[root@localhost www]# time /usr/local/php/bin/php search_by_key.php
real 0m0.361s
user 0m0.304s
sys 0m0.057s
PHP 7.0.0 版
[root@localhost www7]# time /usr/local/php7/bin/php search_by_key.php
real 0m0.114s
user 0m0.097s
sys 0m0.017s
很明显php7的性能是php5的3倍！
配置opcache
官网地址：http://php.net/opcache
使用下列推荐设置来获得较好的 性能：
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
你也可以禁用 opcache.save_comments 并且启用 opcache.enable_file_override。 需要提醒的是，在生产环境中使用上述配置之前，必须经过严格测试。 因为上述配置存在一个已知问题，它会引发一些框架和应用的异常， 尤其是在存在文档使用了备注注解的时候。
vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini
加入
zend_extension=/usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20141001/opcache.so
重启
killall php-fpm
/etc/init.d/php-fpm
Opcache 状态测试代码(https://gist.github.com/ck-on/4959032)进行演示：
<?php
/*
OCP - Opcache Control Panel (aka Zend Optimizer+ Control Panel for PHP)
Author: _ck_ (with contributions by GK, stasilok)
Version: 0.1.6
Free for any kind of use or modification, I am not responsible for anything, please share your improvements
* revision history
0.1.6 2013-04-12 moved meta to footer so graphs can be higher and reduce clutter
0.1.5 2013-04-12 added graphs to visualize cache state, please report any browser/style bugs
0.1.4 2013-04-09 added "recheck" to update files when using large revalidate_freq (or validate_timestamps=Off)
0.1.3 2013-03-30 show host and php version, can bookmark with hashtag ie. #statistics - needs new layout asap
0.1.2 2013-03-25 show optimization levels, number formatting, support for start_time in 7.0.2
0.1.1 2013-03-18 today Zend completely renamed Optimizer+ to OPcache, adjusted OCP to keep working
0.1.0 2013-03-17 added group/sort indicators, replaced "accelerator_" functions with "opcache_"
0.0.6 2013-03-16 transition support as Zend renames product and functions for PHP 5.5 (stasilok)
0.0.5 2013-03-10 added refresh button (GK)
0.0.4 2013-02-18 added file grouping and sorting (click on headers) - code needs cleanup but gets the job done
0.0.2 2013-02-14 first public release
* known problems/limitations:
Unlike APC, the Zend OPcache API
- cannot determine when a file was put into the cache
- cannot change settings on the fly
- cannot protect opcache functions by restricting execution to only specific scripts/paths
* todo:
Extract variables for prefered ordering and better layout instead of just dumping into tables
File list filter
*/
// ini_set('display_errors',1); error_reporting(-1);
if ( count(get_included_files())>1 || php_sapi_name()=='cli' || empty($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) ) { die; } // weak block against indirect access
$time=time();
define('CACHEPREFIX',function_exists('opcache_reset')?'opcache_':(function_exists('accelerator_reset')?'accelerator_':''));
if ( !empty($_GET['RESET']) ) {
if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'reset') ) { call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'reset'); }
header( 'Location: '.str_replace('?'.$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'],'',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) );
exit;
}
if ( !empty($_GET['RECHECK']) ) {
if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'invalidate') ) {
$recheck=trim($_GET['RECHECK']); $files=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status');
if (!empty($files['scripts'])) {
foreach ($files['scripts'] as $file=>$value) {
if ( $recheck==='1' || strpos($file,$recheck)===0 ) call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'invalidate',$file);
}
}
header( 'Location: '.str_replace('?'.$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'],'',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) );
} else { echo 'Sorry, this feature requires Zend Opcache newer than April 8th 2013'; }
exit;
}
?><!DOCTYPE html><body>
<p class="center">
<h1><a href="?">Opcache Control Panel</a></h1>
<p class="buttons">
<a href="?ALL=1">Details</a>
<a href="?FILES=1&GROUP=2&SORT=3">Files</a>
<a href="?RESET=1" "return confirm('RESET cache ?')">Reset</a>
<?php if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'invalidate') ) { ?>
<a href="?RECHECK=1" "return confirm('Recheck all files in the cache ?')">Recheck</a>
<?php } ?>
<a href="?" "window.location.reload(true); return false">Refresh</a>
</p>
<?php
if ( !function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status') ) { echo '<h2>Opcache not detected?</h2>'; die; }
if ( !empty($_GET['FILES']) ) { echo '<h2>files cached</h2>'; files_display(); echo '</p>'; exit; }
if ( !(isset($_REQUEST['GRAPHS']) && !$_REQUEST['GRAPHS']) && CACHEPREFIX=='opcache_') { graphs_display(); if ( !empty($_REQUEST['GRAPHS']) ) { exit; } }
ob_start(); phpinfo(8); $phpinfo = ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean(); // some info is only available via phpinfo? sadly buffering capture has to be used
if ( !preg_match( '/module\_Zend (Optimizer\+|OPcache).+?(\<table[^>]*\>.+?\<\/table\>).+?(\<table[^>]*\>.+?\<\/table\>)/s', $phpinfo, $opcache) ) { } // todo
if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'get_configuration') ) { echo '<h2>general</h2>'; $configuration=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_configuration'); }
$host=function_exists('gethostname')?@gethostname():@php_uname('n'); if (empty($host)) { $host=empty($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])?$_SERVER['HOST_NAME']:$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']; }
$version=array('Host'=>$host);
$version['PHP Version']='PHP '.(defined('PHP_VERSION')?PHP_VERSION:'???').' '.(defined('PHP_SAPI')?PHP_SAPI:'').' '.(defined('PHP_OS')?' '.PHP_OS:'');
$version['Opcache Version']=empty($configuration['version']['version'])?'???':$configuration['version'][CACHEPREFIX.'product_name'].' '.$configuration['version']['version'];
print_table($version);
if ( !empty($opcache[2]) ) { echo preg_replace('/\<tr\>\<td class\="e"\>[^>]+\<\/td\>\<td class\="v"\>[0-9\,\. ]+\<\/td\>\<\/tr\>/','',$opcache[2]); }
if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status') && $status=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status') ) {
$uptime=array();
if ( !empty($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['start_time']) ) {
$uptime['uptime']=time_since($time,$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['start_time'],1,'');
}
if ( !empty($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['last_restart_time']) ) {
$uptime['last_restart']=time_since($time,$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['last_restart_time']);
}
if (!empty($uptime)) {print_table($uptime);}
if ( !empty($status['cache_full']) ) { $status['memory_usage']['cache_full']=$status['cache_full']; }
echo '<h2 id="memory">memory</h2>';
print_table($status['memory_usage']);
unset($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['start_time'],$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['last_restart_time']);
echo '<h2 id="statistics">statistics</h2>';
print_table($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']);
}
if ( empty($_GET['ALL']) ) { meta_display(); exit; }
if ( !empty($configuration['blacklist']) ) { echo '<h2 id="blacklist">blacklist</h2>'; print_table($configuration['blacklist']); }
if ( !empty($opcache[3]) ) { echo '<h2 id="runtime">runtime</h2>'; echo $opcache[3]; }
$name='zend opcache'; $functions=get_extension_funcs($name);
if (!$functions) { $name='zend optimizer+'; $functions=get_extension_funcs($name); }
if ($functions) { echo '<h2 id="functions">functions</h2>'; print_table($functions); } else { $name=''; }
$level=trim(CACHEPREFIX,'_').'.optimization_level';
if (isset($configuration['directives'][$level])) {
echo '<h2 id="optimization">optimization levels</h2>';
$levelset=strrev(base_convert($configuration['directives'][$level], 10, 2));
$levels=array(
1=>'<a href="http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_subexpression_elimination">Constants subexpressions elimination</a> (CSE) true, false, null, etc.<br />Optimize series of ADD_STRING / ADD_CHAR<br />Convert CAST(IS_BOOL,x) into BOOL(x)<br />Convert <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.init-fcall-by-name.php">INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME</a> + <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.do-fcall-by-name.php">DO_FCALL_BY_NAME</a> into <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.do-fcall.php">DO_FCALL</a>',
2=>'Convert constant operands to expected types<br />Convert conditional <a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.jmp.php">JMP</a> with constant operands<br />Optimize static <a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.brk.php">BRK</a> and <a href="<a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.cont.php">CONT</a>',
3=>'Convert $a = $a + expr into $a += expr<br />Convert $a++ into ++$a<br />Optimize series of <a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.jmp.php">JMP</a>',
4=>'PRINT and ECHO optimization (<a href="https://github.com/zend-dev/ZendOptimizerPlus/issues/73">defunct</a>)',
5=>'Block Optimization - most expensive pass<br />Performs many different optimization patterns based on <a href="http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_flow_graph">control flow graph</a> (CFG)',
9=>'Optimize <a href="http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_allocation">register allocation</a> (allows re-usage of temporary variables)',
10=>'Remove NOPs'
);
echo '<table width="600" border="0" cellpadding="3"><tbody><tr class="h"><th>Pass</th><th>Description</th></tr>';
foreach ($levels as $pass=>$description) {
$disabled=substr($levelset,$pass-1,1)!=='1' || $pass==4 ? ' white':'';
echo '<tr><td class="v center middle'.$disabled.'">'.$pass.'</td><td class="v'.$disabled.'">'.$description.'</td></tr>';
}
echo '</table>';
}
if ( isset($_GET['DUMP']) ) {
if ($name) { echo '<h2 id="ini">ini</h2>'; print_table(ini_get_all($name,true)); }
foreach ($configuration as $key=>$value) { echo '<h2>',$key,'</h2>'; print_table($configuration[$key]); }
exit;
}
meta_display();
echo '</p>';
exit;
function time_since($time,$original,$extended=0,$text='ago') {
$time = $time - $original;
$day = $extended? floor($time/86400) : round($time/86400,0);
$amount=0; $unit='';
if ( $time < 86400) {
if ( $time < 60) { $amount=$time; $unit='second'; }
elseif ( $time < 3600) { $amount=floor($time/60); $unit='minute'; }
else { $amount=floor($time/3600); $unit='hour'; }
}
elseif ( $day < 14) { $amount=$day; $unit='day'; }
elseif ( $day < 56) { $amount=floor($day/7); $unit='week'; }
elseif ( $day < 672) { $amount=floor($day/30); $unit='month'; }
else { $amount=intval(2*($day/365))/2; $unit='year'; }
if ( $amount!=1) {$unit.='s';}
if ($extended && $time>60) { $text=' and '.time_since($time,$time<86400?($time<3600?$amount*60:$amount*3600):$day*86400,0,'').$text; }
return $amount.' '.$unit.' '.$text;
}
function print_table($array,$headers=false) {
if ( empty($array) || !is_array($array) ) {return;}
echo '<table border="0" cellpadding="3" width="600">';
if (!empty($headers)) {
if (!is_array($headers)) {$headers=array_keys(reset($array));}
echo '<tr class="h">';
foreach ($headers as $value) { echo '<th>',$value,'</th>'; }
echo '</tr>';
}
foreach ($array as $key=>$value) {
echo '<tr>';
if ( !is_numeric($key) ) {
$key=ucwords(str_replace('_',' ',$key));
echo '<td class="e">',$key,'</td>';
if ( is_numeric($value) ) {
if ( $value>1048576) { $value=round($value/1048576,1).'M'; }
elseif ( is_float($value) ) { $value=round($value,1); }
}
}
if ( is_array($value) ) {
foreach ($value as $column) {
echo '<td class="v">',$column,'</td>';
}
echo '</tr>';
}
else { echo '<td class="v">',$value,'</td></tr>'; }
}
echo '</table>';
}
function files_display() {
$status=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status');
if ( empty($status['scripts']) ) {return;}
if ( isset($_GET['DUMP']) ) { print_table($status['scripts']); exit;}
$time=time(); $sort=0;
$nogroup=preg_replace('/\&?GROUP\=[\-0-9]+/','',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
$nosort=preg_replace('/\&?SORT\=[\-0-9]+/','',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
$group=empty($_GET['GROUP'])?0:intval($_GET['GROUP']); if ( $group<0 || $group>9) { $group=1;}
$groupset=array_fill(0,9,''); $groupset[$group]=' class="b" ';
echo '<p class="meta">
<a ',$groupset[0],'href="',$nogroup,'">ungroup</a> |
<a ',$groupset[1],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=1">1</a> |
<a ',$groupset[2],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=2">2</a> |
<a ',$groupset[3],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=3">3</a> |
<a ',$groupset[4],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=4">4</a> |
<a ',$groupset[5],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=5">5</a>
</p>';
if ( !$group ) { $files =& $status['scripts']; }
else {
$files=array();
foreach ($status['scripts'] as $data) {
if ( preg_match('@^[/]([^/]+[/]){'.$group.'}@',$data['full_path'],$path) ) {
if ( empty($files[$path[0]])) { $files[$path[0]]=array('full_path'=>'','files'=>0,'hits'=>0,'memory_consumption'=>0,'last_used_timestamp'=>'','timestamp'=>''); }
$files[$path[0]]['full_path']=$path[0];
$files[$path[0]]['files']++;
$files[$path[0]]['memory_consumption']+=$data['memory_consumption'];
$files[$path[0]]['hits']+=$data['hits'];
if ( $data['last_used_timestamp']>$files[$path[0]]['last_used_timestamp']) {$files[$path[0]]['last_used_timestamp']=$data['last_used_timestamp'];}
if ( $data['timestamp']>$files[$path[0]]['timestamp']) {$files[$path[0]]['timestamp']=$data['timestamp'];}
}
}
}
if ( !empty($_GET['SORT']) ) {
$keys=array(
'full_path'=>SORT_STRING,
'files'=>SORT_NUMERIC,
'memory_consumption'=>SORT_NUMERIC,
'hits'=>SORT_NUMERIC,
'last_used_timestamp'=>SORT_NUMERIC,
'timestamp'=>SORT_NUMERIC
);
$titles=array('','path',$group?'files':'','size','hits','last used','created');
$offsets=array_keys($keys);
$key=intval($_GET['SORT']);
$direction=$key>0?1:-1;
$key=abs($key)-1;
$key=isset($offsets[$key])&&!($key==1&&empty($group))?$offsets[$key]:reset($offsets);
$sort=array_search($key,$offsets)+1;
$sortflip=range(0,7); $sortflip[$sort]=-$direction*$sort;
if ( $keys[$key]==SORT_STRING) {$direction=-$direction; }
$arrow=array_fill(0,7,''); $arrow[$sort]=$direction>0?' ▼':' ▲';
$direction=$direction>0?SORT_DESC:SORT_ASC;
$column=array(); foreach ($files as $data) { $column[]=$data[$key]; }
array_multisort($column, $keys[$key], $direction, $files);
}
echo '<table border="0" cellpadding="3" width="960" id="files">
<tr class="h">';
foreach ($titles as $column=>$title) {
if ($title) echo '<th><a href="',$nosort,'&SORT=',$sortflip[$column],'">',$title,$arrow[$column],'</a></th>';
}
echo ' </tr>';
foreach ($files as $data) {
echo '<tr>
<td class="v" nowrap><a title="recheck" href="?RECHECK=',rawurlencode($data['full_path']),'">x</a>',$data['full_path'],'</td>',
($group?'<td class="vr">'.number_format($data['files']).'</td>':''),
'<td class="vr">',number_format(round($data['memory_consumption']/1024)),'K</td>',
'<td class="vr">',number_format($data['hits']),'</td>',
'<td class="vr">',time_since($time,$data['last_used_timestamp']),'</td>',
'<td class="vr">',empty($data['timestamp'])?'':time_since($time,$data['timestamp']),'</td>
</tr>';
}
echo '</table>';
}
function graphs_display() {
$graphs=array();
$colors=array('green','brown','red');
$primes=array(223, 463, 983, 1979, 3907, 7963, 16229, 32531, 65407, 130987);
$configuration=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_configuration');
$status=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status');
$graphs['memory']['total']=$configuration['directives']['opcache.memory_consumption'];
$graphs['memory']['free']=$status['memory_usage']['free_memory'];
$graphs['memory']['used']=$status['memory_usage']['used_memory'];
$graphs['memory']['wasted']=$status['memory_usage']['wasted_memory'];
$graphs['keys']['total']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['max_cached_keys'];
foreach ($primes as $prime) { if ($prime>=$graphs['keys']['total']) { $graphs['keys']['total']=$prime; break;} }
$graphs['keys']['free']=$graphs['keys']['total']-$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_keys'];
$graphs['keys']['scripts']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_scripts'];
$graphs['keys']['wasted']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_keys']-$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_scripts'];
$graphs['hits']['total']=0;
$graphs['hits']['hits']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['hits'];
$graphs['hits']['misses']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['misses'];
$graphs['hits']['blacklist']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['blacklist_misses'];
$graphs['hits']['total']=array_sum($graphs['hits']);
$graphs['restarts']['total']=0;
$graphs['restarts']['manual']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['manual_restarts'];
$graphs['restarts']['keys']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['hash_restarts'];
$graphs['restarts']['memory']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['oom_restarts'];
$graphs['restarts']['total']=array_sum($graphs['restarts']);
foreach ( $graphs as $caption=>$graph) {
echo '<p class="graph"><p class="h">',$caption,'</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">';
foreach ($graph as $label=>$value) {
if ($label=='total') { $key=0; $total=$value; $totaldisplay='<td rowspan="3" class="total"><span>'.($total>999999?round($total/1024/1024).'M':($total>9999?round($total/1024).'K':$total)).'</span><p></p></td>'; continue;}
$percent=$total?floor($value*100/$total):''; $percent=!$percent||$percent>99?'':$percent.'%';
echo '<tr>',$totaldisplay,'<td class="actual">', ($value>999999?round($value/1024/1024).'M':($value>9999?round($value/1024).'K':$value)),'</td><td class="bar ',$colors[$key],'" height="',$percent,'">',$percent,'</td><td>',$label,'</td></tr>';
$key++; $totaldisplay='';
}
echo '</table></p>',"\n";
}
}
function meta_display() {
?>
<p class="meta">
<a href="http://files.zend.com/help/Zend-Server-6/content/zendoptimizerplus.html">directives guide</a> |
<a href="http://files.zend.com/help/Zend-Server-6/content/zend_optimizer+_-_php_api.htm">functions guide</a> |
<a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/optimizerplus">wiki.php.net</a> |
<a href="http://pecl.php.net/package/ZendOpcache">pecl</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/zend-dev/ZendOptimizerPlus/">Zend source</a> |
<a href="https://gist.github.com/ck-on/4959032/?ocp.php">OCP latest</a>
</p>
<?php
}
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