Linux+Nginx+Php如何架设高性能WEB服务器

nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 http 和 反向代理 服务器，也是一个 imap/pop3/smtp 代理服务器 。 nginx 是由 igor sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。igor 将源代码以类bsd许可证的形式发布。尽管还是测试版，但是，nginx 已经因为它的稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名了。

安装步骤

一、 编译安装php5.2.9所需的支持库

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

二、编译安装mysql 5.1.34扩展库

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.34/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -r mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../

mysql的安装此处就省略

三、编译安装php（fastcgi模式）

tar zxvf php-5.2.9.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.9 -p1
cd php-5.2.9/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl
make zend_extra_libs='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../

四、修改php-fpm配置文件

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

输入以下内容：

/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid
/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log
notice
10
1m
5s
yes

default
127.0.0.1:9000

-1


0666


/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
1

www
www

static
128

20
5
35


0s
0s
logs/slow.log
51200
0


yes
500
127.0.0.1

$hostname
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
/tmp
/tmp
/tmp
$ostype
$machtype
2

五、创建www用户组及www用户

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

六、编译安装nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.6.35.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.6.35/
默认安装：
./configure
make && make install
默认情况下，nginx 会被安装在 /usr/local/nginx。通过设定编译选项，你可以改变这个设定。

指定编译选项安装，如：
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../

七、创建fcgi.conf文件

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

输入以下内容：

fastcgi_param gateway_interface cgi/1.1;
fastcgi_param server_software nginx;

fastcgi_param query_string $query_string;
fastcgi_param request_method $request_method;
fastcgi_param content_type $content_type;
fastcgi_param content_length $content_length;

fastcgi_param script_filename $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param request_uri $request_uri;
fastcgi_param document_uri $document_uri;
fastcgi_param document_root $document_root;
fastcgi_param server_protocol $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param remote_addr $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param remote_port $remote_port;
fastcgi_param server_addr $server_addr;
fastcgi_param server_port $server_port;
fastcgi_param server_name $server_name;

# php only, required if php was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param redirect_status 200;

八、编辑nginx配置文件

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容：

user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
#多个站点设置，站点文件夹必须放在nginx的html目录，否则不支持多站点
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.v-ec.com;
root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html/www.v-ec.com;
index index.php index.html;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
expires 30d;
}

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
expires 6h;
}

log_format veclog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log logs/vec.log veclog;
}
#多个站点设置，站点文件夹必须放在nginx的html目录，否则不支持多站点
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.w3cgroup.com;
root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html/www.w3cgroup.com;
index index.php index.html;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
expires 30d;
}

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
expires 6h;
}

log_format w3cclog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log logs/w3c.log w3clog;
}
}

九、配置开机自动启动nginx + php

vi /etc/rc.local

在末尾增加以下内容：

ulimit -shn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

十、优化linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容：

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl –p

做到这里，可以reboot重启linux了，不出意外的话应该可以顺利开启nginx

平滑重启nginx

ps aux | grep nginx
找到nginx的master process，假如为：5800，然后kill
kill –hup 5800

平滑重启php

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm restart

php-fpm的其他命令：start | stop | quit | restart | reload | logrotate

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